Organic Food And Your Health
Before we begin today's lesson, let me quickly make you smile. Take a look at the bottom of the www.plantingseason.co.za home page. You'll see a random quote by an ordinary person speaking about why growing our own organic food is so important. Keep refreshing the page for more smiles. Our goal is to publish 10,000 of these comments in a book and hand it to President Zuma live on national television. Now, how's THAT for an idea!!! Very few people understand the true ramifications of eating organic food. It has been proven beyond any doubt that the nutritional density is far higher than ordinary eating. The reason for this is that the soil used for growing organically (or as naturally as possible) is of a much higher quality. Plants are like us - they are what they eat, so a healthy soil means a healthy plant.Your own plants even get to "know you." This may sound like new age airy-fairy namby-pamby "oh dear, here come the tree huggers" riff-raff trollop, but here is an example. It is scientifically shown that water has memory. The molecular structure of water is shaped by human emotion and because plants absorb the water that you provide them, the water within the plants actually takes on a similar molecular shape to the water found in you. This means your plants will produce the type and quantity of nutrients specifically formulated to your personal needs. Oh dear, here come the men in white coats to lock me up!! Before they take me away to join various members of parliament, I need to mention that the effect of growing your own food is psychological as well as physical. This is something that we need to appreciate. Let's hear more about the effect of organic food on our health from our expert today, Lynne Brown. Lynne is from www.orchardsnutrition.co.za .
Why is growing your own food healthier than buying it from the supermarket?Well the whole idea of eating fresh fruit and vegetables is to get essential nutrients that our bodies require for optimum health and nutrition. Growing your own vegetables means being able to eat as you pick, thus ensuring that you are deriving maximum benefit from these nutrient-packed powerhouses. And you also know the exact history of the vegetables you've grown. Buying from the supermarket, on the other hand, leaves a big question mark as to how much goodness you¡&brkbar;re actually taking in and how much bad stuff is going into your body at the same time. These vegetables are often picked and stored before they ripen and then get transported over large distances, sometimes even imported from other countries. Then they may lie on the supermarket shelves under fluorescent lights for a couple of days, all this time losing precious nutrients. Chances are they have been grown in mineral-depleted soils using petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides and now - lucky us - we can even add genetically engineered foods to the list of possibilities. The intensification of farming practices over the last 60 years has really depleted the soil and resulting crops of nutrients, especially trace minerals. This is because the crops removed from the soil contain a wider variety of nutrients than farmers typically put back into the soil in the form of chemical fertilizers. So food - fruits, vegetables and grains - being raised on millions of acres of land that no longer contain enough of needed minerals, are starving us of the nutrients we need for optimum health, no matter how much of them we eat. There are also the far more serious consequences of profit-hungry farmers trying to get a maximized crop yield by indiscriminately applying nitrogen fertilizers which then contaminate our water supply with nitrates. Acute exposure to nitrate-contaminated water can lead to "blue baby syndrome" in infants, which can be potentially fatal, and has also been linked more recently to increased risk of gastric cancer in Spain, China and Taiwan.1 So when it comes to health, growing our own foods and growing them organically is really non-negotiable.
What dangers do pesticides pose to our health and can't they just be washed off anyway?No, they cannot just be washed off and therein lies the problem. Washing produce with water has little effect on these residues as many are formulated to resist being washed off by rain or sprinklers. Tests with potatoes, apples and broccoli showed that between 50 and 93 per cent of pesticide residues, never meant for human consumption, remained on the produce after washing with water.2 Some apples are sprayed up to 16 times with about 36 different chemicals before they reach the supermarket shelves and are also often coated with a wax, once again a petrochemical which was never meant to go into our bodies. Although peeling may help, to some extent, to remove surface residues, it won't get rid of the systemic pesticides that have been taken up in the flesh of the apple. As regards dangers, remember that if chemicals have been sprayed on the foods you eat, then those chemicals will enter your body cells and bloodstream. These chemicals become toxins in our bodies, polluting and poisoning us and since many are fat-soluble, pesticides can be stored in our body's fatty tissues for years. The hazards include possible increased risks of cancer, infertility, allergies, neurological damage and immune system depression.3,4 So anybody with any type of cancer or a neurological disease such as Parkinsons or Multiple Sclerosis, would do well to go organic. Many pesticides are known animal and suspected human carcinogens. Canadian farmers with high exposures to pesticides have been found to have higher incidences of cancer, including stomach, prostate, brain and skin.5 Pesticides are also believed to have hormone disrupting effects. Many pesticide compounds have oestrogenic properties, and are classed as xeno(foreign)-oestrogens. The Institute for Optimum Nutrition advises that women with symptoms of hormonal imbalance such as PMT and menstrual irregularities should avoid non-organically grown food to reduce their exposure to xeno-oestrogenic pesticide residues.6 Research has also suggested that pesticide exposure affects male reproductive function, resulting in decreased fertilising ability of the sperm and reduced fertilisation rates.7 Conversely studies have shown that sperm concentration can be 43% higher among men eating organically produced foods.8 The herbicide glyphosate (Roundup) has been shown to be capable of disrupting hormone synthesis in male mice.9 In humans, research has supported the hypothesis that exposure in pregnancy to environmental xenooestrogens can affect the human male offspring¡&brkbar;s reproductive system and there has been an increase of genital abnormalities such as undescended testes, which it is thought could be due to an environmental effect on the developing male foetus.10
Do organic foods contain more health-giving nutrients?Although some studies have concluded that there is no difference between the nutrient content of organic compared to inorganic produce, I'm afraid I cannot go along with that. When it comes to combining nutrients that work together synergistically to give optimum nutrition, Nature knows best. Fiddling with the soils composition is going to result in an imbalanced ratio of nutrients in the vegetables growing in that soil, which can then have an effect on the composition of minerals and vitamins that we absorb. We already know that what cow's are fed has a big influence on milk quality. A study by Newcastle University has shown that organic milk is significantly richer in nutrients than that from conventional dairy farms.11 Researchers found that when cows were grazed outside on grass and clover, they produced milk with higher levels of essential fatty acids, antioxidants and vitamins. More specifically they found that organic milk has 39% more omega-3 fatty acid and 33% more vitamin E than the non-organic alternative. A lot of other research has been done comparing the nutrient contents of organic and non-organic fruit and vegetables and the majority reveal a trend towards higher levels in organic products. For example a 10 year study done in Kenya on tomatoes that looked at two particular flavonoids, quercetin and kaempferol, found they were on average 79% and 97% higher respectively in organic tomatoes than conventional ones.12 Anyone wishing to know about other studies done can find these on the Soil Association website. Health claims for organically grown food can be traced back to the early 20th century, most notably Lady Eve Balfour, a pioneer of the British organic movement, who in the 1940s observed relationships which she described simply as "Healthy soil, healthy plants, healthy people.
We hear so much about phytonutrients these days. What are they?These are natural bioactive compounds, also sometimes called phytochemicals, that are found in fruit and vegetables. They are produced by plants to protect themselves against attack, disease and damage, so if a plant is subjected to higher levels of stress it will accumulate higher levels of phytonutrients. In the case of organic produce where chemicals such as insecticides and fungicides are avoided, a greater reliance on the plant's own natural protection systems will result in the accumulation of higher levels of these protective compounds.
Which key fruits and vegetables are the healthiest and in what way do they benefit our health?Well I have to say that would be those that contain the highest levels of phytonutrients because it is believed that in the same way that the plant accumulates phytonutrients to protect itself against disease, these phytonutrients will protect our bodies against disease when we consume enough of them. In the treatment of cancer, phytonutrients have been identified in the literature as having beneficial effects through various mechanisms, including neutralising free radicals, inhibiting metastasis and stimulating the anti-tumour activities of the immune system. Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and Brussel sprouts contain isothiocynates, the best proven cancer preventing phytonutrient in vegetables. Research has shown that broccoli in particular has plenty of this cancer-fighting nutrient and men should really be eating 10 spears a week to reduce their risk of developing prostate cancer. Then there are the brightly coloured fruits and vegetables containing high concentrations of another class of phytonutrients called flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to be powerful antioxidants, are anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, anti-atherosclerotic and can discourage the growth of established tumors. Generally the rule of thumb is: if the fruits or vegetables stain your fingers then they're high in anthocyanins. This is a type of flavonoid identified as having the highest antioxidant activity of any plant foods and the reason why blueberries, strawberries and beetroot are extremely good for you. In dark green leafy and red or yellow vegetables we find carotenoids in high concentrations, This is another cancer-fighting phytochemical and there has been much research around the prostate cancer fighting properties of lycopene, the carotenoid found in tomatoes. Men should be eating lots of tomatoes which, apparently need to be cooked in oil rather than eaten raw to gain the maximum health benefits of lycopene. Then there are the sulphur compounds found in garlic, onions, cauliflower, cabbage and broccoli that are great anti-inflammatories, aid detoxification, heavy metal removal and cardiovascular protection. They also help to repair cartilage so I recommend them to my arthritic patients. In fact Hippocrates was so right when he said as far back as 390BC, "Let food be your medicine and your medicine be your food.¨ As nutritional therapists, we use foods and wholefood organic supplements all the time to assist people with problematic health conditions. Good organic foods can replace harmful drugs in many disease conditions with great success. Regular consumption of garlic and onion has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and the spread of cancer. I call all these foods "power foods¨ and one should have at least 5-7 servings chosen from the foods every day. In general, if your plate of food is filled with a variety of colourful vegetables and fruits you can be sure you've got most of the important nutrients covered.
Would you say that just the act of growing your food organically could have a psychological impact on one's health.Well if I think of the impact it has on myself I would have to say a most definite yes. Gardening on its own is one of the most therapeutic exercises one can indulge in, however gardening with the knowledge that you are doing all the right things for the soil and the environment and not harming future generations is especially rewarding. Making ones own compost, recycling and putting back into the earth what you have removed previously, returning beneficial microorganisms that constantly improve the health of the soil, not having to touch or breathe in harmful chemicals, feeding your family nutrient-rich fresh and flavoursome produce taken straight out of your own garden, is therapy indeed.
Would you advise parents to feed their children organic foods?Children need organic foods even more than adults. Because they have a higher intake of food and water per unit of body weight than adults, have immature organ systems, and may have a limited ability to detoxify these substances, they are more susceptible to pesticide residues than adults. Pregnant and nursing women should also be strictly on an organic diet. In 1975 French researchers found that mother's milk contained two to eight times more chlorinated pesticides than the World Health Organisation's (WHO) maximum tolerated level in foodstuffs, and when the mothers under investigation increased their intake of organically grown foods the concentration of residues in their milk declined. 13 Thank you Lynne! The giant food corporations are doing a fantastic job of making usthink that non organic produce is just as good as organic. How long can they keep this charade going? Well, that's up to you, me and the other 999,998 South Africans who need to plant their own vegetables to find out. References:1. Knobeloch et al. 2000; Morales-Suarez-Varela et al. 1995; Xu et al. 1992; Yang et al. 1998 2. Nott T, 1997, ¡¥Washing aid for fruit and vegetables¡&brkbar;, Pesticides News 35 3. BMA, 1992, The BMA Guide to Pesticides, Chemicals and Health, Report of the Board of Science and Education, British Medical Association 4. Robbins C, 1991, Poisoned Harvest: A Consumers Guide to Pesticide Use and Abuse, Victor Gollancz Ltd, p 300¡V313 5. Wigle DT, Semenciw RM, Wilkins K, et al, 1990, ¡¥Mortality study of Canadian male farm operators: non-Hodgkin¡&brkbar;s Lymphoma mortality and agricultural practices in Saskatchewan¡&brkbar;, J Nat Cancer Inst 82, p 575¡V582 6. Savona N, 1998, ¡¥Female health problems and their nutritional solutions¡&brkbar;, Optimum Nutrition, Journal of the Institute for Optimum Nutrition 11 (3), p 46¡V51 7. Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N and Skakkebaek NE, 1992, ¡¥Evidence for decreasing sperm quality of semen during past 50 years¡&brkbar;, BMJ 305, p 609¡V613 8. Abell A, Ernst E and Bonde JP, 1994, ¡¥High sperm density among members of organic farmers¡&brkbar; association¡&brkbar;, The Lancet 343, June 11, p 1498 9. Walsh LP, McCormick C, Martin C and Stocco DM, 2000, ¡¥Roundup inhibits steroidogenesis by disrupting steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression¡&brkbar;, Environmental Health Perspectives 108(8), p 769¡V776 10. Jensen TK, Toppari J, Keiding N and Skakkebaek NE, 1995, ¡¥Do environmental oestrogens contribute to the decline in male reproductive health?¡&brkbar;, Clin Chem 45, p 1896¡V1901 11. Fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high- and low-input conventional and organic systems: seasonal variation. Gillian Butler et al. 12. Ten-Year Comparison of the Influence of Organic and Conventional Crop Management Practices on the Content of Flavonoids in Tomatoes Alyson E. Mitchell et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 6154ƒ{6159 13. Aubert C, 1975, ¡¥Die Muttermilch, ein erschreckender Stand der Toxiditaet¡&brkbar;, Leb Erde,
Why is growing your own food healthier than buying it from the supermarket?Well the whole idea of eating fresh fruit and vegetables is to get essential nutrients that our bodies require for optimum health and nutrition. Growing your own vegetables means being able to eat as you pick, thus ensuring that you are deriving maximum benefit from these nutrient-packed powerhouses. And you also know the exact history of the vegetables you've grown. Buying from the supermarket, on the other hand, leaves a big question mark as to how much goodness you¡&brkbar;re actually taking in and how much bad stuff is going into your body at the same time. These vegetables are often picked and stored before they ripen and then get transported over large distances, sometimes even imported from other countries. Then they may lie on the supermarket shelves under fluorescent lights for a couple of days, all this time losing precious nutrients. Chances are they have been grown in mineral-depleted soils using petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides and now - lucky us - we can even add genetically engineered foods to the list of possibilities. The intensification of farming practices over the last 60 years has really depleted the soil and resulting crops of nutrients, especially trace minerals. This is because the crops removed from the soil contain a wider variety of nutrients than farmers typically put back into the soil in the form of chemical fertilizers. So food - fruits, vegetables and grains - being raised on millions of acres of land that no longer contain enough of needed minerals, are starving us of the nutrients we need for optimum health, no matter how much of them we eat. There are also the far more serious consequences of profit-hungry farmers trying to get a maximized crop yield by indiscriminately applying nitrogen fertilizers which then contaminate our water supply with nitrates. Acute exposure to nitrate-contaminated water can lead to "blue baby syndrome" in infants, which can be potentially fatal, and has also been linked more recently to increased risk of gastric cancer in Spain, China and Taiwan.1 So when it comes to health, growing our own foods and growing them organically is really non-negotiable.
What dangers do pesticides pose to our health and can't they just be washed off anyway?No, they cannot just be washed off and therein lies the problem. Washing produce with water has little effect on these residues as many are formulated to resist being washed off by rain or sprinklers. Tests with potatoes, apples and broccoli showed that between 50 and 93 per cent of pesticide residues, never meant for human consumption, remained on the produce after washing with water.2 Some apples are sprayed up to 16 times with about 36 different chemicals before they reach the supermarket shelves and are also often coated with a wax, once again a petrochemical which was never meant to go into our bodies. Although peeling may help, to some extent, to remove surface residues, it won't get rid of the systemic pesticides that have been taken up in the flesh of the apple. As regards dangers, remember that if chemicals have been sprayed on the foods you eat, then those chemicals will enter your body cells and bloodstream. These chemicals become toxins in our bodies, polluting and poisoning us and since many are fat-soluble, pesticides can be stored in our body's fatty tissues for years. The hazards include possible increased risks of cancer, infertility, allergies, neurological damage and immune system depression.3,4 So anybody with any type of cancer or a neurological disease such as Parkinsons or Multiple Sclerosis, would do well to go organic. Many pesticides are known animal and suspected human carcinogens. Canadian farmers with high exposures to pesticides have been found to have higher incidences of cancer, including stomach, prostate, brain and skin.5 Pesticides are also believed to have hormone disrupting effects. Many pesticide compounds have oestrogenic properties, and are classed as xeno(foreign)-oestrogens. The Institute for Optimum Nutrition advises that women with symptoms of hormonal imbalance such as PMT and menstrual irregularities should avoid non-organically grown food to reduce their exposure to xeno-oestrogenic pesticide residues.6 Research has also suggested that pesticide exposure affects male reproductive function, resulting in decreased fertilising ability of the sperm and reduced fertilisation rates.7 Conversely studies have shown that sperm concentration can be 43% higher among men eating organically produced foods.8 The herbicide glyphosate (Roundup) has been shown to be capable of disrupting hormone synthesis in male mice.9 In humans, research has supported the hypothesis that exposure in pregnancy to environmental xenooestrogens can affect the human male offspring¡&brkbar;s reproductive system and there has been an increase of genital abnormalities such as undescended testes, which it is thought could be due to an environmental effect on the developing male foetus.10
Do organic foods contain more health-giving nutrients?Although some studies have concluded that there is no difference between the nutrient content of organic compared to inorganic produce, I'm afraid I cannot go along with that. When it comes to combining nutrients that work together synergistically to give optimum nutrition, Nature knows best. Fiddling with the soils composition is going to result in an imbalanced ratio of nutrients in the vegetables growing in that soil, which can then have an effect on the composition of minerals and vitamins that we absorb. We already know that what cow's are fed has a big influence on milk quality. A study by Newcastle University has shown that organic milk is significantly richer in nutrients than that from conventional dairy farms.11 Researchers found that when cows were grazed outside on grass and clover, they produced milk with higher levels of essential fatty acids, antioxidants and vitamins. More specifically they found that organic milk has 39% more omega-3 fatty acid and 33% more vitamin E than the non-organic alternative. A lot of other research has been done comparing the nutrient contents of organic and non-organic fruit and vegetables and the majority reveal a trend towards higher levels in organic products. For example a 10 year study done in Kenya on tomatoes that looked at two particular flavonoids, quercetin and kaempferol, found they were on average 79% and 97% higher respectively in organic tomatoes than conventional ones.12 Anyone wishing to know about other studies done can find these on the Soil Association website. Health claims for organically grown food can be traced back to the early 20th century, most notably Lady Eve Balfour, a pioneer of the British organic movement, who in the 1940s observed relationships which she described simply as "Healthy soil, healthy plants, healthy people.
We hear so much about phytonutrients these days. What are they?These are natural bioactive compounds, also sometimes called phytochemicals, that are found in fruit and vegetables. They are produced by plants to protect themselves against attack, disease and damage, so if a plant is subjected to higher levels of stress it will accumulate higher levels of phytonutrients. In the case of organic produce where chemicals such as insecticides and fungicides are avoided, a greater reliance on the plant's own natural protection systems will result in the accumulation of higher levels of these protective compounds.
Which key fruits and vegetables are the healthiest and in what way do they benefit our health?Well I have to say that would be those that contain the highest levels of phytonutrients because it is believed that in the same way that the plant accumulates phytonutrients to protect itself against disease, these phytonutrients will protect our bodies against disease when we consume enough of them. In the treatment of cancer, phytonutrients have been identified in the literature as having beneficial effects through various mechanisms, including neutralising free radicals, inhibiting metastasis and stimulating the anti-tumour activities of the immune system. Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and Brussel sprouts contain isothiocynates, the best proven cancer preventing phytonutrient in vegetables. Research has shown that broccoli in particular has plenty of this cancer-fighting nutrient and men should really be eating 10 spears a week to reduce their risk of developing prostate cancer. Then there are the brightly coloured fruits and vegetables containing high concentrations of another class of phytonutrients called flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to be powerful antioxidants, are anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, anti-atherosclerotic and can discourage the growth of established tumors. Generally the rule of thumb is: if the fruits or vegetables stain your fingers then they're high in anthocyanins. This is a type of flavonoid identified as having the highest antioxidant activity of any plant foods and the reason why blueberries, strawberries and beetroot are extremely good for you. In dark green leafy and red or yellow vegetables we find carotenoids in high concentrations, This is another cancer-fighting phytochemical and there has been much research around the prostate cancer fighting properties of lycopene, the carotenoid found in tomatoes. Men should be eating lots of tomatoes which, apparently need to be cooked in oil rather than eaten raw to gain the maximum health benefits of lycopene. Then there are the sulphur compounds found in garlic, onions, cauliflower, cabbage and broccoli that are great anti-inflammatories, aid detoxification, heavy metal removal and cardiovascular protection. They also help to repair cartilage so I recommend them to my arthritic patients. In fact Hippocrates was so right when he said as far back as 390BC, "Let food be your medicine and your medicine be your food.¨ As nutritional therapists, we use foods and wholefood organic supplements all the time to assist people with problematic health conditions. Good organic foods can replace harmful drugs in many disease conditions with great success. Regular consumption of garlic and onion has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and the spread of cancer. I call all these foods "power foods¨ and one should have at least 5-7 servings chosen from the foods every day. In general, if your plate of food is filled with a variety of colourful vegetables and fruits you can be sure you've got most of the important nutrients covered.
Would you say that just the act of growing your food organically could have a psychological impact on one's health.Well if I think of the impact it has on myself I would have to say a most definite yes. Gardening on its own is one of the most therapeutic exercises one can indulge in, however gardening with the knowledge that you are doing all the right things for the soil and the environment and not harming future generations is especially rewarding. Making ones own compost, recycling and putting back into the earth what you have removed previously, returning beneficial microorganisms that constantly improve the health of the soil, not having to touch or breathe in harmful chemicals, feeding your family nutrient-rich fresh and flavoursome produce taken straight out of your own garden, is therapy indeed.
Would you advise parents to feed their children organic foods?Children need organic foods even more than adults. Because they have a higher intake of food and water per unit of body weight than adults, have immature organ systems, and may have a limited ability to detoxify these substances, they are more susceptible to pesticide residues than adults. Pregnant and nursing women should also be strictly on an organic diet. In 1975 French researchers found that mother's milk contained two to eight times more chlorinated pesticides than the World Health Organisation's (WHO) maximum tolerated level in foodstuffs, and when the mothers under investigation increased their intake of organically grown foods the concentration of residues in their milk declined. 13 Thank you Lynne! The giant food corporations are doing a fantastic job of making usthink that non organic produce is just as good as organic. How long can they keep this charade going? Well, that's up to you, me and the other 999,998 South Africans who need to plant their own vegetables to find out. References:1. Knobeloch et al. 2000; Morales-Suarez-Varela et al. 1995; Xu et al. 1992; Yang et al. 1998 2. Nott T, 1997, ¡¥Washing aid for fruit and vegetables¡&brkbar;, Pesticides News 35 3. BMA, 1992, The BMA Guide to Pesticides, Chemicals and Health, Report of the Board of Science and Education, British Medical Association 4. Robbins C, 1991, Poisoned Harvest: A Consumers Guide to Pesticide Use and Abuse, Victor Gollancz Ltd, p 300¡V313 5. Wigle DT, Semenciw RM, Wilkins K, et al, 1990, ¡¥Mortality study of Canadian male farm operators: non-Hodgkin¡&brkbar;s Lymphoma mortality and agricultural practices in Saskatchewan¡&brkbar;, J Nat Cancer Inst 82, p 575¡V582 6. Savona N, 1998, ¡¥Female health problems and their nutritional solutions¡&brkbar;, Optimum Nutrition, Journal of the Institute for Optimum Nutrition 11 (3), p 46¡V51 7. Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N and Skakkebaek NE, 1992, ¡¥Evidence for decreasing sperm quality of semen during past 50 years¡&brkbar;, BMJ 305, p 609¡V613 8. Abell A, Ernst E and Bonde JP, 1994, ¡¥High sperm density among members of organic farmers¡&brkbar; association¡&brkbar;, The Lancet 343, June 11, p 1498 9. Walsh LP, McCormick C, Martin C and Stocco DM, 2000, ¡¥Roundup inhibits steroidogenesis by disrupting steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression¡&brkbar;, Environmental Health Perspectives 108(8), p 769¡V776 10. Jensen TK, Toppari J, Keiding N and Skakkebaek NE, 1995, ¡¥Do environmental oestrogens contribute to the decline in male reproductive health?¡&brkbar;, Clin Chem 45, p 1896¡V1901 11. Fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high- and low-input conventional and organic systems: seasonal variation. Gillian Butler et al. 12. Ten-Year Comparison of the Influence of Organic and Conventional Crop Management Practices on the Content of Flavonoids in Tomatoes Alyson E. Mitchell et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 6154ƒ{6159 13. Aubert C, 1975, ¡¥Die Muttermilch, ein erschreckender Stand der Toxiditaet¡&brkbar;, Leb Erde,
